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意义词组
Meaning Phrases
帮助学习
Assist Learning
-卡尔.彼得森
By Carl
H. Peterson
引言
INTRODUCTION
加速程序
Procedures for speeding
印刷字体的识别
recognition of printed
words.
大量的
A massive collection of
常用词组
commonly used phrases
或者特定词组
or specific word groupings
用于交流
used to communicate about
特别的主题或职业。
a particular subject or
occupation.
录音结合使用
Recordings used with
电脑屏幕或者
a computer screen or
免费的印刷体。
free printouts.
所有学生只要会说话
All students who can speak,
就能正确使用这些程序。
can do the procedures
correctly.
这增加
This enhances
成功的机会。
the opportunities to win.
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意义词组教程的
MEANING PHRASE PROGRAM'S
设计
DESIGN
每一个词组被发音
Each phrase is pronounced
四次。
four times
通过电脑。
by
a computer.
学生抄写然后
The student copies and
仿读
then mimics the sounds
四次。
four times.
每次仿读
Each response
会比
when
compared with
前几次的
the previous
responses
更准确。
is more accurate.
学生
The student
比较
compares each response
与前次的仿读
with the previous responses
进而达到
to arrive
更准确的结果。
at a more correct response.
对每一个词组
For each phrase
模仿四次
making four mimic responses
这给学生
gives the student
机会迅速
quick opportunities
美化读音并记住读音。
to perfect and store the
sounds.
正确的读音呈现
Presenting the correct models
非常之快进而盖住
so rapidly covers up
不正确的读音。
the incorrect responses.
这可减少尴尬及
This limits embarrassment and
对今后作业的回避。
future avoidance of the
task.
目录被分
Lists are divided
成许多常用的类别。
into many common categories.
老师或家长
For the teacher or parent
可运用索引
an index is available
去选择。
to choose from.
这些词组
The collection of phrases
按不同难度被分类。
is divided into difficulty
levels.
初级程度
Beginning levels
可让学生
get the student
从最常用的词组开始。
started with the most common
phrases.
中级程度
Intermediate levels
具有挑战性
provide more challenge
和开发性
and discovery.
高级程度
Advanced levels
采用那些被运用
introduce the phrases used
在专业
in specific occupations
和科研方面的词语。
and sciences.
许多词组紧跟
Many phrases are explained
一个解释性的词组
by a
following phrase.
有些词组目录
Some phrase lists
组合几个
group several
有选择性的词语
alternative ways
来说明同样的事物。
to say the same thing.
这样使得语言的掌握
This makes language acquisition
更容易。
easier.
很多词组
Many of the phrases
紧跟着一个
are followed by a
承上的续词。
thought continuation phrase.
其余的词组
Other phrases
是定义词组
are definition phrases
或者同义词组。
or parallel meaning phrases.
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常用延续性词组
COMMON SEQUENCE PHRASES
那些列在开头的
The words in the beginning
词组
phrase lists
很容易被认出。
are easily recognized.
对大多数儿童而言词组
Phrases for most children
是日常生活的一部分。
are part of daily life.
学生很快
Students
quickly
联系那些新英语单词。
connect the
new English
words.
高频率的练习
High rate practice
减少乏味。
reduces the boredom.
跟读避免
Chorusing avoids
存在于卡片式
flashcarding
或者问与答的学习方式中
or ask and respond
失败经历。
failure
experiences.
快速说话频率
Rapid speaking rates
最大程度地提高正确的
maximize correct
跟读。
mimic responses.
我们最大程度地提高跟读的次数
We maximize the number of
exposures
在尽可能少的时间内。
in the least possible time.
速度相似于平常
Speed is similar to normal
说话的频率
speaking rates
180至240个单词
of 180 to 240 words
每分钟。
per minute.
（9000至12,000个单词
(9000 to 12,000 words
每小时说话频率。)
per hour speaking rate.)
(180乘以60分钟等于
(180 times 60 minutes equals
每小时10,800单词。)
10,800 words per
hour).
我们的观察表明
Our observations indicate
更快的频率
that the faster rates
使得词组:
allow
phrases:
a.
能更容易地
a. are more easily
被记住和跟读。
remembered and
mimiced.
b.
降低在
b. cut down on time for
批评或自我批评上的时间。
criticism or self-criticism.
c. 增加
c. increase the ratio of
赢的比率而非在输上。
winning over losing.
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激励
MOTIVATION
这个教程被设计
The program was designed
用来平衡
to change the balance of
赞同/不赞同
approval/disapproval
学生可获得该程序。
available to the student.
学生喜欢
Students like
能够
being able
做的正确。
to be correct.
学生喜欢
Students like
免受批评。
the avoidance
of criticism.
按时作业比率
Time-on-task ratios
很高
are very high
比较起由书本
compared to workbooks
或是老师指导下的
or teacher-led
词汇掌握结果。
vocabulary sequences.
录音的效果
Recorded sequences
减少负面的面部
eliminate negative facial
和身体语言的回应
and body language responses
来自于老师的回应。
from the teacher.
录音压缩必需时间
Recordings reduce the time needed
当比较于
when compared
传统的单词练习法。
with traditional word
practices.
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有力的词组
POWERFUL PHRASES
共享的经历词组
SHARED EXPERIENCE PHRASES
词组的设计
Design of Phrases
彼得森阅读
Peterson Reading
彼得森学习目录和
Peterson Learning Lists and
彼得森词组目录
Peterson Phrase Lists
包括100,000余
include more than 100,000
词语组合。
word groupings.
这些词组常被用于
These phrases are commonly used
记忆储存及概念的运用。
for storage and for the
retrieval
of the concepts.
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设计和目标
DESIGN AND PURPOSES
许多专家认同
Many experts agree that
我们思考和回忆是
we think and recall
以词组或“块状”进行。
in phrases or
"chunks."
这些词组被挑选
The phrases have been selected
用于快速学习或复习
to quickly learn or review
100,000余适用的词组。
over 100,000 useful phrases.
在成倍的重复时边
Multiple repetitions while
看着词语
looking at the printed words
可帮助大脑储存资料
helps the brain store the material
在几个区域。
in several
areas.
在学习方面学生是积极的参予者。
Students are
active participants
in the learning.
学生逐字地
Students literally
感觉这些词语。
feel the words.
学生再学习
Students relearn
在一个相对
in a relatively
简短的时期内。
short period of time.
程序能达到一个
Procedures accomplish a
非常高程度的
very high level of
按时作业。
time on task.
美国学生
American Students
大多数的
The great majority of the
词组已经
phrases are already
存在于学生的口语
in the student's speaking
词汇中。
vocabulary.
目标
The objective
是结合声音
is to connect the sounds
与印刷成型的符号
with the printed symbols
以最快的方式。
in the quickest way.
外国学生通常
International students usually
有些熟悉
have some familiarity with
印刷字体的英语单词。
the printed
English words.
他们需要快速的练习
They need rapid practice
来学会正确的发声。
to learn
correct pronunciation
of the sounds.
这很容易做到一旦
This is easily done when
正确的模式
the correct model
被非常快速的呈现。
is presented
very rapidly.
每小时9000至12,000个单词。
9000 to 12,000 words per hour.
比较难的是去模仿
It is much harder to mimic
并做出正确的回应
and make the correct responses
当词语的发音
when the sounds of words
被发得很慢。
are spoken
slowly.
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词组构造
PHRASE CONSTRUCTION
词组被记录下来
Phrases have been written
用于不同的目的。
to serve many different purposes.
有些词组帮助解释
Some phrases help explain
或给单词下定义。
or define a word.
其余的词组被组合
Other phrases are grouped
用于日常交谈。
in common
conversational usage.
一些词组群
Some of the groups of phrases
用来完成一句话
finish a sentence
或讲述一个故事。
or tell a short
story.
词组被写下
Phrases have been written
用于不同程度的学生。
for all levels
of students.
有些词组是很基础的
Some phrases are basic enough
适用于一至两岁的孩子。
for one or two
year old children
其它的词组有着高度的
Other lists present high-level
科学或者政治概念。
scientific or
political concepts.
话题范围从
Topics range from
地理词汇
geography vocabulary
到复杂的
to complicated
科学术语。
science
terminology.
其它的组合是块装词组单元
Other groupings are chunks
常用于活动
commonly used in activities
和体育。
and sports.
可获取一份词组列单
A phrase list is available
关于我们教学用的大部分学科。
for most of the
subjects
we teach.
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这为什么有效呢？
WHY DOES IT
WORK?
许多专家认同
Many experts agree that
大脑似乎能记住
the mind seems to remember
简短的块状词语组合
in short chunks
而非单字。
rather than in words.
这些词语组合必须局限
The chunks must be limited
在6至7单元或音节内。
to 6 or 7 units
or syllables.
块状词语组合而非
Chunks are used instead of
单字可促进
single words to trigger
字的辨认和记忆力。
word
recognition and retention.
块状词组运用
Chunks use the simultaneous
大脑的自发能力。
abilities of
our brains.
每一块状词组可以被辨认
Each chunk may be recognized
组合并储存
combined and stored
在3至上千个
in three to thousands
大脑可容的部位。
of possible
locations in the brain.
呈现复合多样的词组
Presenting multiple word phrases
能更容易的
makes it easier
记忆和回忆。
to remember and
recall.
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其它的目的
OTHER PURPOSES
录音的词组
The recorded phrases
有几个用途。
serve several
purposes.
1.
联系一个熟悉的声音
1. Connect a
familiar sound
与印刷符号
with the printed symbols
为该声音。
for that sound.
2.
知道正确的读音
2. Knowing the
correct pronunciation
和部分意思
and some of the meanings
可减少退步
reduces regressions
而帮助理解。
and helps
comprehension.
3.认识新的词汇
3. Recognizing
new vocabulary
帮助理解
helps comprehension
新的资料。
of new
material.
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词组输入
PHRASE INPUT
使你的大脑系统化
ORGANIZES YOUR MIND
每一个单词
Each of the words
在每个词组里
in a phrase
在大脑多处连接
connects in more than one area.
这样可以交错参考
This allows cross-references
用以回收或重播信息。
for retrieval or
re-enactment.
我们能够增加
We can increase the rate
在大脑储存信息方面的比率
at which the brain stores information
通过参与
by participating
以高速
in the high speed
随彼得森阅读重述词组。
restatement of
phrases
with Peterson Reading.
警觉的大脑
Alert minds
迅速从相抵触的信号中分类。
quickly sort through
conflicting signals.
大脑能够在数分钟内开发
The mind can develop
一个天衣无缝的故事。
a seamless
story within minutes.
大脑的不同部位
Different areas of the brain
合作并结合资料
cooperate and combine the data
创造出剧本
to create the scenarios
并将之合成为可用的想法。
and blend them
into usable thoughts.
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我们的学习传统
OUR LEARNING LEGACY
我们重新定义并说明
We re-define and re-interpret
新的信息
new information
在我们生命的框架内。
within the
framework
of our lives.
一个更好的背景
A better background
帮助做出更好的决定。
helps make better
decisions.
学会思考
Learning to think
并做出决定
and make decisions
很重要。
is important.
要取得成功
To be successful
我们需要去考虑
we need to think
别人的需要
of the needs of others
和他们的观点。
and their
viewpoints.
寻找并分析
Look for and analyze
每一个机会
every opportunity for
来和解及取得一致。
compromise and
agreements.
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预设大脑
PRE-WIRING THE MIND
意识到你的资源
Realize that your resources
是如此之广以致于所有的知识
are so great that all knowledge
能被容纳
can be contained
在你的大脑里。
in your mind.
意义词组能够达到
Meaning phrases accomplish
对信息的无意识控制
unconscious control of information
那些装进你大脑的信息。
that gets to
your brain.
彼得森意义词组
Peterson meaning phrases
和“预设”大脑相似
are similar to "pre-wiring" the brain
在主题方面。
about the subject.
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彼得森词组帮助你
PETERSON PHRASES HELP YOU
去学发音
TO LEARN PRONUNCIATION
听力技巧
Listening skills
大脑辨听发音变化。
The mind listens for variance
in pronunciation.
发音从轻到重
Pronunciation changes from light to heavy
从无趣到兴奋。
from dull to
exciting.
从有力到无法抵抗。
To powerful or
overwhelming.
每个这样的分钟变化
Each of these minute variations
被注意到并改变你的
are noted and change your
印象和理解。
impressions and understanding.
口头重复经由选择的词组
Orally repeating selected phrases
更易记住
is more memorable
比起单词学习。
than individual
word study.
化在辨认
The time spent recognizing
和发音三个字上的时间
and pronouncing three words
（一秒钟）
(one second)
不比
is not much longer
化在发音
than it takes to pronounce
一个字的时间长许多（半秒钟）。
one word (half
second).
你能够同时掌握
You can learn
发音和意思。
pronunciation
and meaning
at the same time
跟着彼得森词组。
with Peterson Phrases.
如果你以前从未
If you have never
听到过一个字
heard a word before
你还是能够领会其意思
you can still grasp its meaning
当这个字在课文里被重复使用。
when it is
repetitively used
in context.
彼得森词组将词语夹在
Peterson Phrases put the words
中间
in a sandwich
一边一个词组
with a phrase on each side
来提高对上下文
to increase context
的认识和记忆。
recognition and
memory.
词组越过令人迟疑的障碍
Phrases leap the barrier of hesitation
通过连接那些孤立的词
by connecting isolated words
以合乎逻辑的方式。
in logical
ways.
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